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Genital warts
Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection and rarely cause serious health problems. The warts are small fleshy bumps or lumps that can appear around the genitals or the anal area. Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus can be passed on during sex.
There are hundreds of types of HPV. The type that causes genital warts is not the same as the type that can lead to cancer that's picked up in cervical screenings.
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How do you get genital warts?
The virus that causes genital warts, HPV, can be passed on even when no warts are visible.
You can get warts from
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skin-to-skin contact, including during sex
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sharing sex toys
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during oral sex, though this is rare
Warts cannot be transmitted in saliva, sweat or urine. So you cannot get it from kissing or sharing cutlery, towels or toilet seats.
Symptoms of genital warts
Most people with HPV infection will not get warts. This means you can have the virus without knowing. For most people, including if you have visible warts, the virus will clear from the body over time.
If you do see warts, they will look like small bumps. If they’re in the anus, or inside the vagina, you might not know they are there. The warts are usually painless but might itch and cause some bleeding.
You might only get noticeable warts once, although a lot of people find they come back.
If you have any symptoms of warts, like 1 or more bumps around your anus or genitals, you should visit your local sexual health clinic or speak to your GP.
How to prevent genital warts
You can stop the spread of HPV and warts by
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using a condom when you have vaginal, anal or oral sex – but remember, some areas of skin will not be covered by the condom, so chances of skin-to-skin transmission are reduced but not eliminated
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not sharing sex toys, or cleaning or covering them with a condom before they’re used by another person
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not having sex when you or your partner are being treated for genital warts
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get the HPV vaccine. This is free on the NHS up to the age of 25, and for some other groups up to the age of 45. As well as protecting against some cancers, it also protects against the main strains of HPV that cause genital warts.
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